Jacamars

Jacamars, belonging to the Galbulidae family, are a group of small to medium-sized birds native to the tropical regions of South and Central America, including Mexico. This family has five genera and 18 species, and they are closely related to the puffbirds, with both often classified in their own order, Galbuliformes. Jacamars inhabit low altitude woodlands and forests, often found near the forest edge and canopy. They share similarities with Coraciiformes but genetic studies have placed them in the Piciformes order. Exhibiting a glossy, iridescent plumage that is sometimes subdued, they have long bills and tails that aid in their aerial insectivory—typically hunting butterflies and moths through hawking. Unique for their weak, zygodactyl feet, they also have sexual dimorphism in plumage, with males sometimes sporting a white breast patch. Jacamars are predominantly insectivorous and monogamous, and some species may engage in cooperative breeding. They nest in holes, either in the ground or termite mounds, with clutch sizes ranging from one to four eggs which both parents incubate. The chicks are born with down feathers, which is uncommon among their order. Among the species listed are the White-eared and Purus jacamars of the genus Galbalcyrhynchus; Dusky-backed, Pale-headed, Brown, and White-throated jacamars of Brachygalba; the Three-toed jacamar of Jacamaralcyon; and multiple species within the genus Galbula including the Yellow-billed, Blue-necked, Rufous-tailed, and Paradise jacamars. The Great jacamar stands out as a member of the Jacamerops genus, differing in feeding behavior by gleaning.