The Scopus genus comprises wading birds, including the existing hamerkop (Scopus umbretta) and its extinct relative from the Pliocene epoch, Scopus xenopus. These unique birds belong to the family Scopidae, where the hamerkop is the only living species. Initially thought to be related to storks and classified under Ciconiiformes, recent research indicates that hamerkops share a closer kinship with birds in the Pelecaniformes order, specifically pelicans and the shoebill, which are now considered their closest relatives.