Anhingas, Darters

Darters, also known as anhingas or snakebirds, are a family of mostly tropical waterbirds characterized by their long, snake-like necks. There are four species, with three being common and widespread, while one, the Oriental darter, is near-threatened. These birds are large, measuring up to 100 cm in length with a wingspan of about 120 cm, with the males displaying darker plumage than the females. Darters are exceptional swimmers, using their sharp, serrated bills to spear fish underwater. They are mostly sedentary, favoring lakes, rivers, and marshes, and display territorial behavior when nesting in colonies. Their vocalizations vary from clicks and grunts to croaks. Darters breed monogamously, depending on the species, either seasonally or throughout the year, constructing nests near water where they lay pale green colored eggs and exhibit biparental care. Chicks are born naked but quickly grow down and depend on their parents for feeding and warmth. The family of birds has a robust fossil record, with ancestry traced back to the Early Miocene, and they are closely related to cormorants and shags. Despite having a varied diet, darters mainly consume mid-sized fish, employing a foot-propelled diving technique to hunt. After diving, they are often seen drying their wings. Darter eggs and sometimes adults are consumed by humans, though their fish diet gives them a less appealing taste. Conservation threats to darters include habitat destruction, overuse of pesticides, and egg collection.