Flammulated Owl

The flammulated owl, Psiloscops flammeolus, is a diminutive owl species, notable for its flame-like facial markings from which it derives its name. This nocturnal bird measures approximately 15 cm (6 in) in length with a wingspan of 36 cm (14 in), and exhibits sexual dimorphism in size, with females being slightly larger than males.

Identification Tips

To identify the flammulated owl, look for a small owl with dark eyes and subtle ear tufts that are often difficult to discern. It lacks the prominent ear tufts of the western screech owl and is significantly smaller in mass. The flammulated owl's plumage is characterized by a mottled pattern that provides excellent camouflage against tree bark.

Habitat

The flammulated owl favors mature, open forests of ponderosa pine and Douglas fir, as well as deciduous woodlands with a coniferous component. These habitats provide the necessary tree cavities for nesting and an abundance of insect prey.

Distribution

This migratory species breeds in regions from southern British Columbia through the western United States to central Mexico. Come winter, it retreats to the warmer climes of northern Central America, with some remaining in the southern United States.

Behaviour

The flammulated owl is a migratory bird, departing its breeding grounds in late summer and returning in the spring. It is known to form loose breeding colonies, with unoccupied habitat separating clusters. Remarkably, one may encounter a significant number of these owls in a relatively small area during the breeding season.

Song & Calls

The vocalizations of the flammulated owl consist of deep, single or double hoots that can be heard during the night, serving as a means of communication between individuals, particularly during the breeding season.

Breeding

As obligate cavity nesters, flammulated owls utilize tree cavities for nesting, often those previously excavated by woodpeckers. They typically lay two to four eggs per clutch, with the female relying on the male for food during the 26-day incubation period. The young are capable of foraging on their own after 25 to 32 days.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of the flammulated owl is predominantly insectivorous, with a preference for small moths (Lepidoptera). They also consume crickets, beetles, and on rare occasions, small mammals such as shrews and rodents.

Conservation status

The flammulated owl is currently classified as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), although there are indications of population declines in certain areas. Conservation efforts are important to monitor and address potential threats to this species.