African Scops Owl

The African scops owl, Otus senegalensis, is a diminutive species, a mere 17 cm in length, with a wingspan stretching to 45 cm. Its plumage is a masterful blend of greyish-brown, sometimes tinged with pale rufous or a warmer brown, adorned with streaks and mottling that render it nearly invisible against the bark of trees. A narrow black edge frames its grey facial disk, and its eyes are a striking yellow. Notably, it possesses ear-tufts, which are typically in repose, flush against its head, but may stand erect when the bird is perturbed.

Identification Tips

To identify the African scops owl, look for its small stature and cryptic coloration, which allows it to blend seamlessly into its surroundings. The ear-tufts are a key feature, though they may not always be visible. Its yellow eyes and the narrow black border of its facial disk are also distinguishing characteristics.

Habitat

This owl favors wooded habitats and forest edges, from sea level to elevations of 2,000 meters. It is also known to inhabit gardens and mangroves, demonstrating a degree of adaptability to human-altered landscapes.

Distribution

The African scops owl is a bird of sub-Saharan Africa, with a range that encompasses a variety of wooded environments across the continent.

Behaviour

A strictly nocturnal creature, the African scops owl spends its daylight hours perched close to tree trunks, its camouflage rendering it nearly indistinguishable from the branches. Pairs may roost in proximity, and unlike its Eurasian counterpart, this species is less territorial and may nest in loose aggregations. The male and female engage in nocturnal duets, a prelude to and continuation of their nightly activities.

Song & Calls

The call of the African scops owl is a distinctive, monotonous "prrrp," delivered at intervals of approximately five seconds, a sound that once heard, is not easily forgotten.

Breeding

Breeding pairs lay four to six eggs directly onto the floor of a tree hollow, with the breeding season peaking between April and June. The female incubates the eggs for about 27 days, sustained by food provided by the male. Post-hatching, the female continues to tend to the young with the male's assistance, and the fledglings take their first flight after 30 days.

Similar Species

The migrant Eurasian scops owl bears a striking resemblance to the African scops owl. Though typically marginally larger, distinguishing between the two in the field can be quite challenging.

Diet and Feeding

The African scops owl preys primarily on insects such as grasshoppers, beetles, crickets, and moths, but will also consume spiders, scorpions, and occasionally small vertebrates. It typically hunts from a perch, swooping down to seize prey on the ground, though it will also actively pursue flying insects.

Conservation status

The IUCN Red List classifies the African scops owl as Least Concern, indicating a stable population across its extensive range.