Red-capped Parrot

The red-capped parrot (Purpureicephalus spurius) is a medium-sized, broad-tailed parrot endemic to southwestern Australia. It is a striking bird with a bright crimson crown, green-yellow cheeks, and a distinctive elongated bill. The wings, back, and long tail are dark green, while the underparts are a vibrant purple-blue. This species is easily identifiable and not easily confused with other parrots.

Identification Tips

Adult males boast a vivid crimson crown and green hindneck, with yellow-green ear coverts. The wings and upperparts are dark green, transitioning to a yellow-green rump, and the tail is green with a dark blue tip. The underparts are a rich purplish-blue. Females are similar but may be slightly duller, with a white stripe on the wing under-surface. Juveniles are predominantly green, with their adult plumage developing after their first moult.

Habitat

The red-capped parrot favors eucalypt forests and woodlands, particularly those dominated by the marri tree (Corymbia calophylla). It can also be found in open savanna country, heathland in coastal regions, and suburban areas where suitable habitat persists.

Distribution

This species is native to the Southwest Australia ecoregion, with a range extending from Moore River to Esperance. It is generally found within 100 km of the coastline but can be locally nomadic in dryer areas.

Behaviour

Red-capped parrots are typically observed in pairs or small groups, though larger flocks may form, particularly of juveniles. They are shy and retreat to the upper canopy if disturbed. The species is thought to be monogamous, with pairs forming long-term bonds.

Song & Calls

The contact call is a rapid "krukk-rak" or "crrr-uk," while the alarm call is a series of high-pitched, loud notes. Males may chatter loudly when agitated or to mark their nesting territory.

Breeding

Breeding occurs from August to December, with nesting taking place in tree hollows of older large trees. The female incubates a clutch of usually five milk-white eggs, with the male attending nearby. Nestlings fledge between 30 and 37 days and are fed by both parents for an additional two weeks.

Diet and Feeding

The red-capped parrot is predominantly herbivorous, feeding on seeds of eucalypts, flowers, and berries. Marri seeds are a particular favorite, but it also consumes seeds from other native plants and occasionally insects. In suburban areas, it may feed on orchard fruits and cultivated plants.

Conservation Status

The red-capped parrot is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN. Although it has been shot as a pest and affected by land clearing, the population is currently growing. It is protected under CITES Appendix II.

Aviculture

While the red-capped parrot's vibrant colors make it an attractive species for aviculture, it has a reputation for being anxious and difficult to breed in captivity, often due to the high proportion of wild-caught birds.