Semiplumbeous Hawk

The Semiplumbeous Hawk, a bird of prey belonging to the Accipitridae family, is a modestly sized raptor, comparable in stature to the kestrel or merlin. It boasts a dark gray plumage on its upper parts, contrasting with its white underparts and throat. A distinctive feature of this species is its bright orange cere, set against a stark black facial mask, which makes it quite recognizable.

Identification Tips

When attempting to identify the Semiplumbeous Hawk, look for its bright yellow eyes and the orange to orange-red hue of its legs and feet. The combination of its size, coloration, and the unique orange and black patterning on its face are key identifiers.

Habitat

This hawk favors the humid forests of the tropical and lower subtropical zones. It is often seen in forest edges, around forest fragments, and in tall second-growth areas.

Distribution

The Semiplumbeous Hawk can be found from the eastern regions of Honduras and Nicaragua, through the southern parts of western Colombia, east to the Magdalena Valley, and northwest Ecuador. Sightings have also been reported in the Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve in northern Peru. Typically, this species resides at elevations below 500 meters, although it has been spotted as high as 1600 meters.

Behaviour

A rather elusive bird, the Semiplumbeous Hawk is more often seen perched silently on high branches than in flight. It employs a sit-and-wait strategy for hunting, similar to other members of the Leucopternis genus. During the breeding season, it becomes quite vocal, but outside of this period, it is generally more reserved.

Song & Calls

In the breeding season, the hawk's vocalizations consist of a series of loud, piercing upslurred whistles, reminiscent of "kwee…wee…wee…wee…wee." At other times, it may emit a high-pitched, thin whistle that is repeated at intervals.

Diet and Feeding

The Semiplumbeous Hawk's diet primarily includes small songbirds and antbirds, which it often captures by following swarms of army ants. It may also prey on bats, lizards, and snakes.

Conservation status

Currently, the Semiplumbeous Hawk is classified as "Least Concern" by the IUCN, with an estimated population of 1,000 to 10,000 mature individuals. However, the population is in decline, likely due to deforestation and habitat fragmentation. The species is listed under CITES II and was previously considered "Near Threatened." Despite this, it is known to be locally common in some primary forest areas and can tolerate tall second-growth forests.