Yellow-shafted Flicker

The Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) is a medium-sized member of the woodpecker family, notable for its distinctive barred back and wings. Adults exhibit a harmonious blend of brown and black across their plumage, with a striking black patch adorning the upper breast. The lower breast and belly are a softer beige, punctuated with elegant black spots. A characteristic feature of the males is a mustachial stripe, which is black in the eastern populations and red in the western ones. The species displays sexual dimorphism, as females lack this stripe. The bird's underparts are a vivid yellow or red, depending on the subspecies, and the rump is a conspicuous white, especially noticeable in flight.

Identification Tips

To identify the Northern Flicker, look for its size, which ranges from 28 to 36 cm in length, and its wingspan of 42 to 54 cm. The bird's bill is slightly curved and robust, suitable for its feeding habits. The tail is relatively short and dark on top, contrasting with the bright rump. When in flight, the color of the wing linings yellow in the east and red in the west is a key identification feature.

Habitat

The Northern Flicker can be found in a variety of open habitats near trees, such as woodlands, forest edges, yards, and parks. In the western regions, they inhabit mountain forests up to the tree line.

Distribution

This species is native to a vast range of North America, extending into parts of Central America, Cuba, and the Cayman Islands. It is one of the few woodpecker species that migrate, with some populations moving seasonally.

Behaviour

The Northern Flicker exhibits a unique foraging behavior among woodpeckers, often feeding on the ground, probing for ants and other invertebrates. It is also known for its drumming on trees and metal objects as a form of communication and territory defense. The flight pattern is undulating, with a series of flaps followed by a pause, creating a roller coaster-like motion.

Song & Calls

The call of the Northern Flicker is a distinctive, sustained laugh, often transcribed as "ki ki ki ki." Additionally, their drumming can be heard as a loud knocking, used to declare territory.

Breeding

Northern Flickers are cavity nesters, typically choosing trees to excavate their nests, though they may also use posts and birdhouses. Both sexes contribute to nest building. Clutch size usually consists of six to eight eggs, with both parents involved in incubation. The young fledge approximately 25 to 28 days after hatching.

Similar Species

The Northern Flicker may be confused with other woodpeckers, but its ground foraging behavior and distinctive flight pattern set it apart. The color of the wing linings is also a distinguishing feature.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of the Northern Flicker is primarily insectivorous, with a particular fondness for ants, which can comprise up to 45% of their diet. They also consume fruits, berries, seeds, and nuts, adapting their diet according to season and availability.

Conservation status

The IUCN Red List classifies the Northern Flicker as Least Concern, indicating that the species, while widespread and currently stable, should be monitored to ensure it remains secure.