Golden Eagle

The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is a majestic bird of prey that resides across the Northern Hemisphere. It is the most widely distributed species of eagle and is known for its dark brown plumage with lighter golden-brown feathers on its napes. Juveniles typically exhibit white on their tails and may have white markings on their wings.

Identification Tips

Adult golden eagles are primarily dark brown with some grey on the inner wing and tail. A distinctive feature is the paler golden color on the back of the crown and nape. Juveniles are darker, with a blackish back and a broad, black band on the tail. They may also have white patches on the wings.

Habitat

Golden eagles favor open or semi-open areas for hunting and are often found in mountainous regions. They are adaptable to various habitats, including tundra edges, taiga, grasslands, and deserts, avoiding heavily forested and developed areas.

Distribution

This species has a vast range, from Eurasia across North America to parts of North Africa. It is present in sizeable stretches of its range, despite being extirpated from or uncommon in some heavily populated areas.

Behaviour

Golden eagles are known for their agility and powerful flight, often soaring with a slight dihedral. They are monogamous and may remain with their partner for several years or possibly for life. These birds are territorial, maintaining large home ranges.

Song & Calls

Golden eagles are generally silent but may emit weak, high, and shrill vocalizations, especially during the breeding season.

Breeding

Golden eagles typically mate for life and engage in courtship displays that involve aerial maneuvers and rock or stick catching. They build large nests in cliffs and high places, returning to them for several breeding years. Females lay up to four eggs, with usually one or two young surviving to fledge.

Similar Species

The golden eagle can be distinguished from other raptors by its size, coloration, and flight patterns. It is larger than most other raptors, except for some vultures and the California condor.

Diet and Feeding

Golden eagles primarily hunt small to medium-sized mammals, such as hares, rabbits, and marmots. They are also known to prey on other birds, reptiles, and occasionally large animals like seals and ungulates.

Conservation status

The golden eagle is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, with an estimated global population of 170,000 to 250,000 individuals. However, it has experienced population declines and local extirpations due to human activities.