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A photo of a Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo)
Great Cormorant

Great Cormorant

Phalacrocorax carbo

The great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), a robust seabird, is cloaked in predominantly black plumage. It is a member of the cormorant family, with a widespread distribution. The species exhibits considerable size variation across its range, with males generally larger than females. Notable features include a longish tail and a distinctive yellow throat-patch. During the breeding season, adults boast white patches on their thighs and throat.

Identification Tips

To identify the great cormorant, look for its large size, heavy build, and thick bill. It lacks a crest and its plumage does not have a green tinge, distinguishing it from the common shag. In North America, it is bulkier than the double-crested cormorant and has less yellow on the throat and bill. The white thigh patches are a key identifier.

Habitat

Great cormorants are found in a variety of aquatic environments including seas, estuaries, freshwater lakes, and rivers. They often nest in colonies close to these water bodies.

Distribution

This species has a broad distribution, breeding across the Old World, Australia, and the Atlantic coast of North America. Northern populations tend to migrate southward in winter, seeking coasts rich in fish.

Behaviour

Great cormorants are generally silent but may emit guttural noises at breeding colonies. They are known for their wing-drying posture, often seen with wings outstretched to dry after diving.

Song & Calls

Mostly silent, the great cormorant vocalizes with guttural sounds in the vicinity of its breeding colonies.

Breeding

Great cormorants typically nest in colonies near wetlands, rivers, or sheltered inshore waters, often returning to the same site annually. Their nests are constructed from sticks and can be located in trees, on cliff ledges, or on predator-free ground. They lay clutches of three to five pale blue or green eggs, which are incubated for about 28 to 31 days.

Diet and Feeding

These birds are piscivorous, diving to catch fish such as wrasses, sand smelt, flathead, and common soles. They exhibit seasonal dietary shifts, preferring larger fish in colder temperatures. Their foraging efficiency is influenced by the size of the prey rather than the quantity.

Conservation status

The great cormorant is currently listed as Least Concern by the IUCN. Conservation efforts have led to a population rebound, with approximately 1.2 million birds in Europe alone. However, their increasing numbers have led to conflicts with fisheries due to predation on fish stocks.

Great Cormorant Sounds



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Great Cormorant Fun Facts

Did you know?
Great Cormorant feathers are not very waterproof, you may often see them standing with their wings open to dry them.
Did you know?
Cormorants can dive to depths averaging 19ft, and have been recorded to dive up to depths of 150ft
Did you know?
Cormorants have a serrated toe claw and looks like a comb. They can use this toe to preen their feathers.

Great Cormorants on Birda

Sightings

Similar species

A photo of a Shag (Gulosus aristotelis)

Shag

Gulosus aristotelis
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