Yelkouan Shearwater

The Yelkouan Shearwater, also known as the Levantine or Mediterranean Shearwater, is a medium-sized member of the seabird family Procellariidae. With a length of 30–35 cm and a wingspan of 70–84 cm, it exhibits the characteristic shearing flight pattern of its genus, gliding close to the sea's surface on stiff wings.

Identification Tips

This species can be recognized by its distinctive flight, where it alternates between dark brown upperparts and paler undersides, creating a stark contrast. The Yelkouan Shearwater is silent at sea but can be identified by its raucous cackling calls at night within breeding colonies.

Habitat

The Yelkouan Shearwater breeds on islands and coastal cliffs, primarily in the eastern and central Mediterranean regions.

Distribution

While most Yelkouan Shearwaters remain in the Mediterranean throughout the year, some venture into the Atlantic during the late summer months.

Behaviour

This gregarious bird is often seen in large flocks, especially in autumn. It nests in burrows and visits them nocturnally to avoid predation. The species is known to follow fishing vessels for offal.

Diet and Feeding

The diet consists mainly of fish and molluscs, with individuals often seen trailing fishing boats to feed on discarded bycatch.

Conservation Status

The Yelkouan Shearwater is currently classified as Vulnerable. Threats include habitat disruption from tourism development and predation by introduced species such as rats and cats. Conservation efforts are crucial to prevent further decline and potential inbreeding effects due to historically low genetic variation.

Similar Species

The Yelkouan Shearwater is often confused with the Balearic Shearwater, with which it shares its winter range, and the Manx Shearwater, particularly when individuals are observed outside their typical range. Identification of stray birds requires careful morphological assessment and sometimes genetic analysis.