Small Pratincole

The small pratincole, also known as the little pratincole or small Indian pratincole, is a diminutive member of the pratincole family, Glareolidae. This bird is characterized by its short legs, long pointed wings, and a brief tail. Its plumage is primarily pale grey, with a brown crown atop its head. The wings exhibit a grey hue above, with striking black primaries and a pattern of black and white bars on the rear edge of the inner flight feathers. The underwings contrast sharply in black, while the tail is white with a defining black terminal triangle. The belly maintains a pristine white.

Identification Tips

When observing the small pratincole, note its small stature, measuring only 16.5–18.5 cm in length with a wingspan ranging from 42–48 cm. Its short bill, an adaptation for aerial feeding, and swift-like flight may lead to momentary confusion with swifts or swallows when seen in the air.

Habitat

The small pratincole is a species that thrives in open country landscapes. It is frequently spotted in proximity to bodies of water, particularly in the evening hours.

Distribution

This bird is a resident breeder across a swath of South Asia, with its range extending through India, Western Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Laos, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.

Behaviour

Pratincoles are unique among waders due to their propensity to hunt insects in flight, akin to swallows. They are also capable of feeding on the ground. The small pratincole is often observed near water during dusk, engaged in the pursuit of insects.

Breeding

The breeding season for the small pratincole spans from December to March. It selects gravel or sand banks adjacent to rivers and lakes to lay its clutch, which typically consists of 2–4 eggs nestled within a ground scrape. Notable breeding areas include regions in northern Karnataka and northern Kerala.

Diet and Feeding

Insects form the primary diet of the small pratincole. It employs its aerial agility to capture prey on the wing but can also forage on the ground when necessary.

Conservation status

The small pratincole is currently classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, indicating a stable population without immediate threats to its survival.