Nilgiri Sholakili

The Nilgiri blue robin, known scientifically as Sholicola major, is a passerine bird of notable charm. This species, also referred to as the Nilgiri shortwing, white-bellied shortwing, Nilgiri sholakili, or rufous-bellied shortwing, is a small, chat-like bird with long legs, a short tail, and a rather chunky appearance. Its plumage is a delightful mix of dark slaty blue on the upper parts, throat, and breast, while the lower plumage is a warm rufous, transitioning to a buffy white at the center of the belly.

Identification Tips

The Nilgiri blue robin can be identified by its black lores and the diffuse bluish brow, which is less pronounced than in similar species. The males and females may exhibit slight sexual dimorphism, with possible differences in iris color, particularly in S. albiventris.

Habitat

This bird is endemic to the Shola forests, which are nestled in the valleys amidst the montane grasslands of southern India. These forests provide a dense canopy and undergrowth where the Nilgiri blue robin thrives.

Distribution

The Nilgiri blue robin is found exclusively above 1200 meters in the higher hill ranges of the Western Ghats, with populations in the Nilgiris, the Bababudan hills, and the Brahmagiris.

Behaviour

A skulking bird, the Nilgiri blue robin is often seen in the dark lower canopy and forest floor. Despite its elusive nature, it can be quite confiding when observed. It frequently vocalizes with tit-like notes and harsh rattles.

Song & Calls

The song of the Nilgiri blue robin is a series of shrill whistles interspersed with twangy buzzing sounds. Geographically isolated populations may exhibit variations in their songs.

Breeding

Breeding season for the Nilgiri blue robin varies from April to June, following the onset of rains. The nest, often placed in a tree hole or on a bank, is constructed from moss and fibrous roots. Two greyish-green eggs with brown markings are laid, and both parents partake in incubation and feeding the nestlings. Incubation lasts approximately 16 to 17 days, and old nests may sometimes be reused.

Conservation status

The Nilgiri blue robin is classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Its habitat is highly restricted in size, and the species faces threats from habitat loss.