Crab-plover

The Crab-plover (Dromas ardeola) is a distinctive bird, related to the waders, yet so unique it is placed in its own family, Dromadidae. Its exact taxonomic position within the Charadriiformes remains a subject of debate, with some suggesting affinities to thick-knees or pratincoles, and others to auks and gulls. It is the sole representative of its genus, Dromas, and is notable for its reliance on geothermal heat to incubate its eggs—a singular adaptation among waders.

Identification Tips

This species bears a resemblance to plovers but stands out with its long grey legs and robust, heavy black bill akin to that of a tern. The Crab-plover's black-and-white plumage, long-necked posture, and substantial bill render it unmistakable. The bill is particularly specialized for consuming crabs, and the bird's toes are partially webbed. The plumage is predominantly white, with black coloring on the back and primary wing feathers. Males and females appear similar, though males possess a slightly heavier and longer bill. Juveniles can be identified by their greyish black mantle, which they retain for about a year. In flight, these birds often form lines or "V" formations.

Habitat

The Crab-plover is found along coasts and islands within the Indian Ocean, where it forages for crabs and other small creatures.

Distribution

This bird is a resident species along the Indian Ocean's shores, breeding around the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, and Somalia from April to July. After the breeding season, they disperse widely across the Indian Ocean, reaching as far as the Andaman Islands, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Madagascar.

Behaviour

Crab-plovers are social birds, feeding in large flocks. They exhibit crepuscular and nocturnal foraging behavior, especially during the breeding season, although they also feed during the day. They are colonial nesters, with colonies sometimes comprising up to 1500 pairs. The species is known for its burrow-nesting habit, a rarity among waders.

Song & Calls

These birds are vocal, with a characteristic 'ka' call similar to the bar-tailed godwit but delivered more rapidly. In flocks, they may produce a whinnying sound, and during the breeding season, they emit whistling 'kew-ki-ki' notes.

Breeding

The Crab-plover nests in burrows within sandy banks, laying one, occasionally two, large white eggs. The unique incubation method allows for minimal parental attendance, with the nest remaining unattended for extended periods. Chicks are unable to walk immediately after hatching and are fed in the nest for several days. They experience a prolonged period of parental care post-fledging.

Similar Species

Due to its unique appearance and behaviors, the Crab-plover has no very similar species.

Diet and Feeding

The Crab-plover's diet consists primarily of crabs, which it is specially adapted to consume with its unique bill. It feeds in groups, often at night or during twilight, as well as during the day.

Conservation status

The Crab-plover is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, indicating that it is not at immediate risk of population decline or extinction.