Hawaiian Coot

The Hawaiian coot, known as the ʻalae ke'oke'o in Hawaiian, is a distinctive waterbird with a robust body and a striking white frontal shield. This bird, with its entirely black plumage, measures between 33–40.6 cm in length and tips the scales at around 700 grams.

Identification Tips

When observing the Hawaiian coot, look for its black body contrasted with the prominent white frontal shield. Some individuals may exhibit a yellowish or red tinge to their frontal shield, adding a touch of variability to their appearance.

Habitat

The Hawaiian coot is a bird of wetlands, favoring freshwater lakes, marshes, coastal saline lagoons, and man-made water storage areas. These environments provide the coot with the resources it needs for feeding and breeding.

Distribution

Endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, the Hawaiian coot has a distribution that is restricted to this archipelago. It was once abundant across various islands but now faces challenges due to habitat loss.

Behaviour

The Hawaiian coot is known for its adaptability to both brackish and freshwater habitats. It is a strong swimmer and can often be seen foraging in the water or along the water's edge.

Conservation status

The Hawaiian coot is currently listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN. It was federally listed as an endangered species in October 1970 and remains a concern for conservationists due to ongoing threats such as habitat destruction and predation by introduced species like the small Asian mongoose.

Taxonomy

Initially confused with the Eurasian coot, the Hawaiian coot was later recognized as a separate species, Fulica alai, or as a subspecies of the American coot, Fulica americana alai. This taxonomic distinction is based on its unique characteristics and geographic isolation.

Population size

The population of the Hawaiian coot has seen fluctuations over the years, with censuses indicating numbers ranging from less than 1,000 to over 3,000 individuals. Recent surveys suggest winter populations of around 1,500 birds and summer populations near 2,000.

Similar Species

The Hawaiian coot can be confused with the American coot, but it can be distinguished by its unique frontal shield coloration and its restricted range to the Hawaiian Islands.

Diet and Feeding

Coots generally feed on aquatic plants, small invertebrates, and occasionally small fish, which they forage for in their wetland habitats.

Breeding

The Makalawena Marsh on the Big Island of Hawaiʻi is recognized as a National Natural Landmark, highlighting its importance as one of the last nesting areas for the Hawaiian coot. This indicates the significance of preserving suitable breeding habitats for the species' survival.