Sungrebe

The Sungrebe, Heliornis fulica, is a diminutive and slender waterbird, the sole extant representative of its genus. Exhibiting lobed toes akin to those of grebes or coots, this species is adorned with a plumage of reddish-brown hues, a black crown, and a nape with white stripes gracing the neck. The female, distinguishable by a rufous facial patch that intensifies during breeding, measures approximately 30 cm in length, with a tail comprising nearly a third of this measurement.

Identification Tips

In identifying the Sungrebe, look for the striking black and white neck pattern, the yellow and black banded legs and feet, and the long, fanned tail. The female's cheek patch turns a vivid cinnamon-orange in breeding season, and her bill shifts from dark red to a bright scarlet. The male, slightly larger in wingspan but lighter in build, lacks the female's cheek patch and exhibits a more subdued bill coloration.

Habitat

Sungrebes favor secluded, slow-flowing streams and waterways with dense vegetation. They are adept at swimming, sometimes partially submerged, in these freshwater environments.

Distribution

This species ranges from northeastern Mexico through Central America, down to central Ecuador and southern Brazil. They are non-migratory and typically found at low elevations up to 500 meters.

Behaviour

Sungrebes are solitary or found in pairs, maintaining low population densities. They are known for their reclusive nature and do not migrate seasonally, though they may relocate locally in response to habitat changes.

Breeding

The breeding season commences with the early wet season, with nest construction occurring about a meter above water. The female's brighter plumage and the male's role as the primary caregiver are noteworthy. The male possesses unique pouches under his wings for carrying chicks post-hatching.

Diet and Feeding

Sungrebes feed on snails, arthropods, small fish, frogs, lizards, and some plant matter. They forage in their preferred habitats, occasionally diving or hunting from perches.

Conservation status

The Sungrebe is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable and expanding range. However, the loss of tropical wetland habitats poses a potential threat to their populations.