Black-bellied Sandgrouse

The black-bellied sandgrouse, Pterocles orientalis, is a medium to large bird, arguably the most robust member of the sandgrouse family. It exhibits sexual dimorphism, with males sporting a grey head, neck, and breast, contrasted by a striking black underbelly and golden-brown upperparts adorned with darker markings. A thin black border encircles the lower breast, and a chestnut throat patch adds a touch of color. Females, on the other hand, are dressed in browner tones with more intricate markings and share the black underbelly and breast band with the male.

Identification Tips

When observing the black-bellied sandgrouse, look for its small, pigeon-like head and neck, coupled with a stout body. Its long, pointed wings facilitate a swift and direct flight. In flight, the white underwings and distinctive black belly are key features for identification. At dawn, flocks can be seen heading to watering holes, providing an excellent opportunity for observation.

Habitat

This sociable species favors dry, open plains and similar environments. Unlike its relative, the pin-tailed sandgrouse, it does not thrive in areas devoid of vegetation.

Distribution

The black-bellied sandgrouse is widespread, with the nominate race found in the Iberian Peninsula, Northwest Africa, the Canary Islands, Turkey, Iran, Cyprus, and Israel. The eastern subspecies, P. o. arenarius, inhabits Kazakhstan, western China, and northern Pakistan. It is a partial migrant, with birds from Central Asia traveling to Pakistan and northern India during winter.

Behaviour

Both sexes of the black-bellied sandgrouse take part in incubation duties, but it is the male that is solely responsible for bringing water to the nest. The nest itself is a simple ground scrape, where three greenish eggs with cryptic markings are laid.

Song & Calls

The vocalization of the black-bellied sandgrouse is a soft, murmuring "chowrrr rrrr-rrrr," which can be heard during their dawn flights to water sources.

Breeding

The breeding behavior of the black-bellied sandgrouse involves ground scrapes as nests, with both sexes sharing incubation responsibilities. The male's unique role in water provision is a notable aspect of their breeding ecology.

Diet and Feeding

While specific details on the diet are not provided, the black-bellied sandgrouse's habitat preferences suggest a diet that includes seeds and vegetation typical of dry, open plains.

Conservation status

The black-bellied sandgrouse is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, indicating that, at present, there are no immediate threats to its population numbers on a global scale.