Western Meadowlark

The Western Meadowlark, Sturnella neglecta, is a medium-sized bird, approximately 8.5 inches in length, that graces the open grasslands of western and central North America with its presence. It is easily recognized by its bright yellow underparts and a distinctive black "V" on its breast, complemented by white flanks adorned with black streaks. The upper parts are predominantly brown with black streaks, and the bird's head is marked with light brown and black bands. This species is celebrated as the state bird of six states, a testament to its cultural significance.

Identification Tips

Adult Western Meadowlarks exhibit a striking yellow chest with a bold black "V" marking. Their flanks are white with black streaks, and their upper parts are mostly brown, also streaked with black. They possess long, pointed bills ideal for foraging, and their heads are characterized by striped patterns of light brown and black. When identifying this bird, look for:

• Length: 6.3–10.2 inches
• Weight: 3.1–4.1 ounces
• Wingspan: 16.1 inches

Habitat

The Western Meadowlark favors grasslands, prairies, pastures, and abandoned fields for its habitat. These environments provide the open spaces and ground cover necessary for nesting and foraging.

Distribution

This bird's range extends across western and central North America and into northern Mexico. It is a permanent resident in much of its range, with northern populations migrating southward or eastward within the United States during winter months. The species has also been introduced to Hawaii, where it is now established on the island of Kauai.

Behaviour

Western Meadowlarks are ground foragers, often seen probing the earth with their bills in search of food. They are known to forage in flocks during the winter and exhibit a preference for thinner, drier vegetation where their range overlaps with the Eastern Meadowlark.

Song & Calls

The Western Meadowlark's song is a melodious, flute-like warble, which stands in contrast to the simpler, whistled call of its Eastern counterpart. These calls are not only beautiful to the human ear but also serve as a distinguishing feature between the two species.

Breeding

The female constructs a well-hidden nest on the ground, which may be a simple cup or a more elaborate structure with a roof and an entrance runway. Eggs are laid daily until the clutch is complete, and incubation starts only after the last egg has been laid. The female incubates the eggs for 13–15 days, and the young, which are altricial and nearly naked at birth, fledge at 10-12 days old, achieving sustained flight around 21 days. Parental care continues for approximately two weeks post-fledging. The nests may be parasitized by brown-headed cowbirds.

Similar Species

The Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) is similar in appearance but can be distinguished by its song and preference for more lush vegetation.

Diet and Feeding

Western Meadowlarks primarily consume insects but will also eat seeds and berries, especially in winter when they may forage in flocks.

Conservation status

The IUCN Red List classifies the Western Meadowlark as Least Concern, indicating that the species currently faces no significant threats to its survival.