Bahama Woodstar

The Bahama woodstar, a diminutive hummingbird endemic to the Lucayan archipelago, measures a mere 8 to 9.5 cm in length and weighs between 2.4 to 3 grams. The males of the species boast a resplendent purple iridescent gorget edged with a white stripe, which fades post-breeding season, while females lack this vibrant throat coloration. Both sexes exhibit green and gold backs, with males having white flanks and females cinnamon, and their tails are a dark, blackish-purple hue.

Identification Tips

To identify the Bahama woodstar, look for the male's distinctive forked tail and the female's rounded tail with broader feathers. Both genders possess black, slightly curved bills and black feet. The male's bright purple throat and white stripe are key identifiers, especially during the breeding season.

Habitat

These birds are found in a variety of habitats, including gardens, scrublands, edges of tropical evergreen forests, and pine forests. They are year-round residents and do not migrate extensively.

Distribution

The Bahama woodstar is native to the Lucayan Archipelago, including the Turks and Caicos Islands, but is notably absent from the Inaguan islands. Sightings have occurred in Florida and as far north as Pennsylvania.

Behaviour

Bahama woodstars are not particularly social and may exhibit aggression towards other birds. They are less common on islands where the Cuban emerald, a competitive species, is present.

Song & Calls

The Bahama woodstar's vocal repertoire includes "chips" during flight and feeding, scolding during aggressive interactions, and a high-pitched song lasting about 30 seconds. Their calls are similar to those of the North American Anna's hummingbird.

Breeding

Breeding primarily occurs in April, although it can happen year-round. Males perform elaborate courtship displays, including shuttle displays and aerial dives, to woo females. Nests are small cups made of soft materials, lichen, and plant matter, with females laying two white eggs that incubate for around two weeks.

Similar Species

The Inagua woodstar, formerly considered a subspecies, is now recognized as a separate species due to differences in crown iridescence and tail shape.

Diet and Feeding

These hummingbirds primarily feed on nectar from local plants, such as Ernodea serratifolia, and occasionally consume insects. They are known to create lacerations in flower corollas to access nectar.

Conservation status

The Bahama woodstar is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, indicating a stable population.