Black-chinned Hummingbird

The black-chinned hummingbird, Archilochus alexandri, is a diminutive and agile avian species. Measuring a mere 8.25 cm in length, the adults display a metallic green upper body contrasted with a white underside and green flanks. The male is distinguished by a black face and chin, complemented by a striking purple gorget that glistens in the sunlight, and a dark, forked tail. Females, on the other hand, have a rounded tail with white tips and lack the male's throat patch. Juveniles resemble adult females but have buff margins on their dorsal feathers, and unlike adults, they do not possess a forked tail.

Identification Tips

To identify the black-chinned hummingbird, look for the adult male's black chin bordered by iridescent purple feathers and the female's white-tipped, rounded tail. Juvenile males may show hints of purple on their throats. These birds have a long, straight, and slender bill, ideal for sipping nectar.

Habitat

These hummingbirds are adaptable, inhabiting a variety of environments including mountains, woodlands, orchards, meadows, and chaparral. They show a preference for open, semi-arid areas near water for breeding, and can also be found in moist environments such as shaded canyons and riparian woods.

Distribution

The black-chinned hummingbird graces the western United States and southwestern Canada during its summer range. It is a migratory species, retreating to the warmer climes of Mexico for the winter months.

Behaviour

The black-chinned hummingbird is known for its diving displays, which serve both as a territorial defense and a courtship ritual. Males may also engage in a "pendulum" display, swinging in wide arcs to woo females. This species can be territorial, especially around feeders during the breeding season, but less so when food is abundant.

Song & Calls

The vocal repertoire of this species consists of rapid, high-pitched chirps, which can be heard echoing through their habitats.

Breeding

During courtship, males perform impressive aerial displays, diving from heights and creating a trill with their feathers. Females construct well-camouflaged nests using plant fibers and spider silk, often placing them on exposed branches. They lay two white eggs per clutch and may breed multiple times within a year.

Similar Species

The black-chinned hummingbird can be confused with similar species such as the broad-tailed, rufous, calliope, Allen's, lucifer, Anna's, and Costa's hummingbirds.

Diet and Feeding

These birds primarily feed on nectar, extending their long tongues into flowers, and are also adept at catching insects mid-flight. While feeding on nectar, they inadvertently play a crucial role in pollination.

Conservation status

The black-chinned hummingbird is currently classified as Least Concern due to its extensive range, significant population size, and observed population growth over recent decades. However, some decline has been noted in the latter years of the past decade, warranting continued observation.