Olive-backed Sunbird

The Garden Sunbird, Cinnyris jugularis, is a diminutive and vibrant passerine, a member of the Nectariniidae family. It is recognized by its olive-green wings and back, and a striking yellow chest. Males are particularly notable for their iridescent throat and upper breast, which can appear dark or glossy depending on the light. Females, while less flamboyant, display a consistent olive hue with yellow underparts.

Identification Tips

To identify the male Garden Sunbird, look for the glossy black throat and breast, bordered by yellow pectoral tufts. The female is more subdued, with an olive back and yellowish underparts. Both sexes possess a long, downward-curved bill, ideal for nectar feeding, and dark brown eyes. The male's breeding plumage includes a black central throat stripe, which may be less pronounced outside the breeding season.

Habitat

Originally hailing from mangrove environments, the Garden Sunbird has shown remarkable adaptability. It now thrives in various habitats across the Philippines, often in close proximity to human settlements, and is known to even construct nests within residential structures.

Distribution

This species is endemic to the Philippines, with its presence confirmed across the archipelago, save for the Palawan island group. Three subspecies are recognized, each with a distinct geographical distribution within the country.

Behaviour

The Garden Sunbird exhibits a fast and direct flight, with short wings that also enable hovering to feed on nectar. It is a versatile feeder, often perching to consume nectar but also capturing insects and spiders, particularly when provisioning for chicks.

Breeding

Breeding activities have been observed in May and June. The female single-handedly constructs a remarkable hanging nest, an oval pouch with a side entrance, using an array of natural materials. This nest serves as a secure cradle for her offspring.

Diet and Feeding

While primarily nectarivorous, the Garden Sunbird's diet is supplemented by insects and spiders, a dietary expansion that is especially crucial during the breeding season to meet the nutritional needs of growing chicks.

Conservation Status

The IUCN Red List categorizes the Garden Sunbird as Least Concern, indicating a stable population without significant threats that would warrant a higher risk category.