Variable Sunbird

The Variable Sunbird, known scientifically as Cinnyris venustus, is a diminutive yet striking member of the Nectariniidae family. This bird, formerly classified under the genus Nectarinia, is a sunbird, a group characterized by their nectar-feeding habits, much like the hummingbirds of the New World. The Variable Sunbird measures a mere 10 cm in length, with the males displaying a resplendent glossy green head, throat, and nape, contrasted by a maroon breast band. Depending on the subspecies, the male's belly can be yellow, orange, or white.

Identification Tips

To identify the Variable Sunbird, look for the adult male's iridescent green upper parts and the distinctive maroon band across the breast. The belly color varies by subspecies. Females and eclipse males are less colorful, with grey-brown upperparts and yellowish underparts, but the female can be recognized by a pale supercilium. The eclipse male retains some green plumage, particularly on the throat.

Habitat

The Variable Sunbird is typically found in open woodlands and areas of cultivation, where it can take advantage of both natural and human-modified environments.

Distribution

This species is a fairly common resident breeder across equatorial Africa, where it flits from flower to flower in search of nectar.

Behaviour

The Variable Sunbird exhibits fast and direct flight on short wings. While capable of hovering to feed on nectar, it more commonly perches while feeding. It is also known to consume insects, particularly when feeding its young.

Song & Calls

The call of the Variable Sunbird is a distinctive and clear "tew-tew-tew-tew-tew," which can be heard throughout its habitat.

Breeding

Breeding Variable Sunbirds lay two eggs in a delicately suspended nest within a tree, a common practice among sunbird species.

Similar Species

While the Variable Sunbird is unique in its appearance, it may be confused with other sunbird species. However, the combination of the male's glossy green plumage, maroon breast band, and the variable belly coloration is a reliable distinguishing feature.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of the Variable Sunbird is primarily nectar, which it extracts with its medium-length, thin, down-curved bill and brush-tipped tubular tongue—both specialized adaptations for nectar feeding. It also includes insects in its diet, especially when provisioning for its offspring.

Conservation status

The IUCN Red List categorizes the Variable Sunbird as Least Concern, indicating that, at present, there are no immediate threats to its population levels across its wide range.