Crimson-backed Sunbird

The Crimson-backed Sunbird, or Leptocoma minima, is a diminutive avian jewel endemic to the Western Ghats of India. These birds are particularly petite, even among their sunbird kin, measuring a mere 8 cm in length. They possess medium-length, down-curved bills and brush-tipped tubular tongues, exquisite adaptations for their nectar-feeding lifestyle.

Identification Tips

The adult male is resplendent with a velvety red mantle and wing coverts, and a striking red breast band. The crown glimmers with a shiny green, while pink-violet patches adorn the throat and rump. Below the breast, the underside transitions to a yellowish hue, demarcated by a black edge around the bib. In contrast, the female is cloaked in olive-brown, with a conspicuously red rump. During non-breeding periods, the male's eclipse plumage features more olive on the head, with the velvet red confined to the lower mantle and wing coverts.

Habitat

These sunbirds favor forests but are particularly drawn to gardens on the forest's edge where floriferous plants abound.

Distribution

The Crimson-backed Sunbird is a resident species confined to the Western Ghats of India.

Behaviour

Males are known to establish and vigorously defend territories rich in nectar-producing flora. They may exhibit altitudinal movements in response to seasonal rains, often descending to the foothills during monsoons and ascending post-rainfall.

Song & Calls

Their vocal repertoire includes short "chik" calls and a more elaborate "chee-chee-which-chee."

Breeding

The breeding zenith occurs from December to March, although they may nest throughout the year in the southern Western Ghats. Their nests, suspended on thin drooping branches, are co-constructed by both sexes, with the female predominantly shaping the interior. The typical clutch consists of two eggs, incubated mainly by the female for about 18–19 days.

Similar Species

The larger Purple-rumped Sunbird may be mistaken for the Crimson-backed Sunbird. However, the former sports a darker maroon upper side and whitish flanks and vent.

Diet and Feeding

While nectar is their primary sustenance, they also consume insects, particularly when feeding their young.

Conservation status

The IUCN Red List categorizes the Crimson-backed Sunbird as Least Concern, indicating a stable population.