White-rumped Shama

The White-rumped Shama, Copsychus malabaricus, is a small, charming passerine bird belonging to the family Muscicapidae. It is distinguished by its glossy black plumage in males, with a rich chestnut belly and distinctive white feathers on the rump and outer tail. Females are more subdued in color, with greyish-brown tones and typically shorter stature. Both sexes boast a black bill and pink feet, while juveniles resemble females but with a blotchy or spotted chest.

Identification Tips

When identifying the White-rumped Shama, look for the male's striking contrast between the black upperparts and chestnut underparts, along with the white rump and outer tail feathers. Females are less conspicuous but can be recognized by their greyish-brown coloration and shorter length. The species measures approximately 23–28 cm in length and weighs between 28 and 34 grams.

Habitat

In its native range, the White-rumped Shama thrives in dense undergrowth, particularly favoring bamboo forests. It has adapted well to scrub and secondary forests across South and Southeast Asia.

Distribution

Originally from the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, the White-rumped Shama's range includes the Western Ghats, Sri Lanka, northern India, the Andaman Islands, and various island forms in Southeast Asia. The bird has also been introduced to Kauai and Oahu in Hawaii, as well as Taiwan.

Behaviour

The White-rumped Shama is known for its shy and somewhat crepuscular nature, being most active during dawn and dusk. It is highly territorial, with males vigorously defending their breeding territories. Outside of the breeding season, males and females may occupy separate territories.

Song & Calls

This species is celebrated for its melodious and varied song, a trait that has made it a favored cage bird. Its calls include a rich array of phrases and mimicry of other birds, as well as a distinctive 'Tck' sound used as an alarm or during foraging.

Breeding

Breeding pairs establish territories, with the male defending an average area of 0.09 hectares. The breeding season in South Asia spans from January to September, peaking from April to June. Females lay a clutch of four or five eggs in a tree hollow, which they incubate for 12 to 15 days. Both parents feed the chicks, though only the female broods and incubates.

Diet and Feeding

In the wild, the White-rumped Shama primarily feeds on insects. In captivity, a diet may consist of boiled, dried legumes supplemented with egg yolk and raw meat.

Conservation status

The IUCN Red List classifies the White-rumped Shama as Least Concern, indicating that it is not currently at significant risk of widespread decline. However, its popularity in the pet trade has led to introductions outside its native range, where it may impact local ecosystems.