Rufous-backed Thrush

Turdus rufopalliatus

The Rufous-backed Robin, or Turdus rufopalliatus, is a member of the thrush family, bearing a resemblance to the familiar American Robin but slightly smaller in stature. Adults typically measure between 21.5 to 24 cm in length, with a wingspan averaging 39.4 cm and a weight of around 74 grams. The species is distinguished by its rufous or olive-rufous upper back, contrasting with a grayish head, nape, and rump. The chest and flanks share the rufous hue, while the belly and undertail coverts are white. A white throat adorned with black streaks and a yellow bill and eye-ring complete its distinctive appearance. Females may appear somewhat less vibrant than males, and juveniles are characterized by their spotted underparts, browner coloration, and pale flecks above.

Identification Tips

When identifying the Rufous-backed Robin, look for the characteristic rufous coloring on the upper back, chest, and flanks. The grayish tones of the head and rump, along with the streaked white throat, are key features. The yellow bill and eye-ring are also notable. Juveniles can be recognized by their spotted underparts and browner overall coloration.

Habitat

This species is endemic to the Pacific slope of Mexico, favoring dry deciduous forests, forest edges, and human-altered landscapes. It can be found from ground level to high in the trees.

Distribution

The Rufous-backed Robin's range extends from southeastern Sonora to the southeastern corner of Oaxaca, primarily along the coast and within the Río Balsas drainage. Isolated populations in Mexico City and Oaxaca City are likely derived from escaped cage birds. Vagrants have been recorded as far north as the Mexican-border states of the United States, often in riparian woodlands.

Behaviour

Notably shyer than its American counterpart, the Rufous-backed Robin may form flocks in the winter. Its diet is typical of thrushes, consisting of fruit and invertebrates, with a particular preference for insects. Reproductive habits are similar to other Turdus species, with whitish eggs marked by red-brown splotches. Nests are constructed from plant material and mud in trees and shrubs, accommodating 2-3 nestlings. Both parents are involved in nest building, care for the young, and defense of the nest territory.

Song & Calls

The Rufous-backed Robin's song is a slow, warbling melody with repeated phrases, reminiscent of "weedele loo loo freerlii…" Its alarm call is a long, mellow, descending whistle, articulated as "cheeoo" or "teeeuu." Other calls are similar to those of the American Robin, with a thinner flight call.

Breeding

Breeding behavior mirrors that of other members of the Turdus genus. The eggs are whitish with prominent red-brown markings. Nests are typically made of plant material mixed with mud and are located in trees and shrubs. Both parents participate in rearing the young and defending the nest.

Similar Species

The subspecies found on the Islas Tres Marías and around San Blas, Nayarit, sometimes considered a separate species known as Grayson's Robin or Grayson's Thrush (Turdus graysoni), is more "washed out" with less rufous tinting.

Diet and Feeding

The Rufous-backed Robin's diet consists of fruits and invertebrates, with a particular fondness for insects. Its foraging behavior is typical of thrushes.