Fieldfare

The fieldfare, Turdus pilaris, is a robust bird of the thrush family, Turdidae. It is characterized by its slate-grey head, nape, and rump, a plain brown back, and dark wings and tail. The underparts are white with a reddish wash on the breast, which is heavily spotted. Both sexes are similar, though females may appear slightly more brown, and the species measures about 25 cm in length.

Identification Tips

When observing a fieldfare, look for the grey crown, neck, and rump contrasting with the brown back. The breast and flanks are speckled, and the underwings are white. In flight, the white underwing-coverts are particularly noticeable. The bird's call, a harsh "tsak tsak," is a helpful identifier.

Habitat

Fieldfares breed in northern woodlands and scrublands, often near open areas. They are comfortable in human-altered landscapes, including parks and gardens. In winter, they frequent open countryside, agricultural lands, and orchards.

Distribution

This migratory bird breeds across northern Europe and the Palearctic. In winter, it can be found in the United Kingdom, Southern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. It is a rare breeder in Great Britain and Ireland.

Behaviour

Fieldfares are social birds, often forming large flocks, especially in winter. They are known to nest in small colonies, which may offer protection from predators. Their flight is strong and direct, with a pattern of flapping and brief gliding.

Song & Calls

The male fieldfare's song is a simple chattering, interspersed with whistles and guttural squeaks. The species also has various flight and alarm calls, which are guttural in nature.

Breeding

Fieldfares build their nests in trees, laying five or six eggs. Both parents feed the chicks, which fledge after about two weeks. In southern ranges, they may have two broods per season, while northern populations typically have one.

Similar Species

The fieldfare can be confused with other thrushes, but its grey head and rump, along with the spotted breast, usually allow for accurate identification.

Diet and Feeding

Omnivorous, fieldfares consume a variety of molluscs, insects, earthworms, berries, grains, and seeds. Their diet shifts seasonally, favoring animal prey in summer and plant material in winter.

Conservation Status

The fieldfare is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable and extensive population. However, in the United Kingdom, it is considered a Red List species due to its rarity as a breeder.