Eurasian Penduline Tit

The Eurasian penduline tit, Remiz pendulinus, is a diminutive passerine, a member of the Remizidae family. It is adorned with a light grey head, a distinctive black "mask" through the eye, and a back of rich chestnut brown. Both sexes are remarkably similar, though the male boasts a broader mask and a more rufous back. This bird measures between 10 and 11.5 centimeters in length, with a finely pointed bill and a tail that is relatively elongated.

Identification Tips

When attempting to identify the Eurasian penduline tit, look for its small size, the pointed bill, and the long tail. The male's mask is broader and the back more rufous compared to the female. The bird's light grey head and black eye mask are key distinguishing features.

Habitat

The Eurasian penduline tit is known to favor habitats with thin, long branches of trees such as willow, elm, or birch, often choosing locations above water. It is also found in reed beds, where it may construct its unique nests.

Distribution

This species is relatively widespread across the western Palearctic. It exhibits migratory behavior in the northern parts of its range, while populations in the southern regions tend to be resident.

Behaviour

The Eurasian penduline tit is known for its elaborate hanging nests, which are a marvel of avian architecture. These nests, once repurposed as children's slippers in Central Europe, are suspended from branches or reeds. The species is migratory in the north and resident in the south of its range.

Breeding

Breeding occurs from the end of April to the beginning of July. The nest is a large, free-hanging pouch with an entrance tube, constructed from plant fibers, grass, hair, and wool. Both sexes partake in the 20-day construction process. The clutch typically contains 6 to 8 white eggs, with incubation starting after the last egg is laid and lasting for 14 days. The young are cared for by one parent and fledge at around 22 days.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of the Eurasian penduline tit primarily consists of insects, spiders, and seeds, particularly from willows. It forages in trees and reeds, adeptly using one foot to cling while the other manipulates food sources.

Conservation status

The Eurasian penduline tit is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN. With a large range and a population estimated at 420,000–840,000 individuals in Europe, and signs of population increase, the species does not currently face significant threats to its survival.