White-bellied Woodpecker

The White-bellied Woodpecker, also known as the Great Black Woodpecker (Dryocopus javensis), is a commanding presence in the evergreen forests of the tropical Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is one of the largest woodpeckers in Asia, with adults measuring from 40 to 48 cm in length and weighing between 197 to 350 grams. Its size is only surpassed by the Great Slaty Woodpecker and the Black Woodpecker within its range. The bird's plumage is predominantly black, with variations in the distribution and extent of white across its subspecies.

Identification Tips

To identify the White-bellied Woodpecker, look for its large size, comparable to the Black Woodpecker and the North American Pileated Woodpecker. The subspecies hodgsonii is notable for its whitish underwing coverts and white rump, while the face is typically devoid of white. Juveniles may exhibit white streaks on the throat. The bird's wing chord ranges from 20.5 to 25.2 cm, the tail from 14.3 to 18.9 cm, the bill from 4.6 to 6 cm, and the tarsus from 3.2 to 4.3 cm.

Habitat

This species thrives in tropical evergreen forests, often selecting large dead trees for nesting, preferably near rivers.

Distribution

The White-bellied Woodpecker has a broad range across the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is divided into 14 subspecies, with many island forms being endangered or extinct.

Behaviour

Typically solitary or found in pairs, occasionally accompanied by a third bird, the White-bellied Woodpecker is known for its foraging habits, spending considerable time on suitable trees. It may nest close to human-disturbed areas and well-used tracks without much concern. Its breeding season is primarily from January to March, often reusing the same nesting site year after year.

Song & Calls

The vocal repertoire of this woodpecker includes a sharp 'kuk' and more melodious 'kyuk', 'kew', and 'kee-yow' calls. These calls intensify before the bird takes flight. The species is also known for its loud drumming, particularly during the breeding season.

Breeding

Breeding mainly occurs from January to May, with the White-bellied Woodpecker favoring large dead trees for nesting. The typical clutch consists of two white eggs.

Similar Species

While there are no similar species provided in the source, the White-bellied Woodpecker can be distinguished from other woodpeckers by its size, coloration, and distinct calls.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of the White-bellied Woodpecker is primarily insectivorous, feeding on ants and grubs found under bark. It occasionally consumes fruit as well.

Conservation Status

The IUCN Red List classifies the White-bellied Woodpecker as Least Concern, indicating that it is not currently at significant risk of extinction in the wild. However, some subspecies on islands are endangered or have already become extinct.