Hairy Woodpecker

The Hairy Woodpecker, Leuconotopicus villosus, is a medium-sized woodpecker native to North America. It is characterized by its striking black and white plumage, with adults typically displaying a black upper body adorned with white spots on the wings and a white or pale back. The underparts range from white to sooty brown, varying by subspecies. A distinctive white bar is present above and below the eye, and the black tail features white outer feathers. Males can be identified by a red patch on the back of the head, which may appear as two side-by-side patches, while juveniles may show red or orange-red on the crown.

Identification Tips

To distinguish the Hairy Woodpecker from its close relative, the Downy Woodpecker, note the Hairy's longer bill in proportion to its head size. Additionally, the Hairy Woodpecker's tail lacks the black spots found on the Downy's white tail feathers. The Hairy Woodpecker's size is also a clue, as it measures 18–26 cm in length, with a wingspan of 33–43 cm and a weight of 40–95 g.

Habitat

This species is found in mature deciduous forests across its range, which includes parts of the Bahamas, Canada, Central America, and the United States. It is also known to inhabit mixed woodlands.

Distribution

The Hairy Woodpecker has a broad distribution across North America, from the forests of Alaska and Canada, stretching south to Central America. It is a permanent resident in most of its range, though some northern populations may migrate southward or move to lower elevations in the winter.

Behaviour

Hairy Woodpeckers are known for their foraging behavior, which involves overturning bark or excavating wood to uncover insects. They are predominantly insectivorous but will also consume fruits, berries, nuts, and occasionally tree sap. They play a crucial role in controlling populations of pests such as the European corn borer.

Song & calls

The vocalizations of the Hairy Woodpecker include a sharp "peek" sound, which is often repeated. Their calls serve as communication between individuals and can be heard throughout their habitat.

Breeding

During the breeding season, pairs will excavate a nest cavity in a tree. The female typically lays an average of four white eggs, which both parents will incubate.

Similar Species

The Hairy Woodpecker is often confused with the smaller Downy Woodpecker due to their similar plumage. However, the Hairy can be differentiated by its larger size, longer bill, and the absence of spots on its white tail feathers.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of the Hairy Woodpecker consists mainly of insects, particularly wood-boring insects, which they extract from trees. They also consume fruits, berries, nuts, and will occasionally visit feeders for suet or seeds.

Conservation status

With an estimated population of nearly nine million individuals, the Hairy Woodpecker is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN. It remains widespread and common throughout its range, with no immediate threats to its population.