Cardinal Woodpecker

The cardinal woodpecker, Dendropicos fuscescens, is a diminutive avian artisan, measuring a mere 14 to 15 cm from the tip of its bill to the end of its tail. Exhibiting the quintessential woodpecker physique, it boasts a straight, pointed bill and a rigid tail for support against the arboreal surfaces it frequents. Its zygodactyl feet, with two toes pointing forward and two backward, are perfectly adapted for an arboreal lifestyle. The plumage is a muted olive, adorned with paler dots and bands, while the underparts are a stark white with bold black streaks. The rump is tinged with tawny, and a striking black malar stripe sets off the white throat and face. The male is distinguished by a red hind crown and nape, whereas the female sports a dark hind crown and black nape. Juveniles and adults alike may raise their small crests when agitated or excited.

Identification Tips

To identify the cardinal woodpecker, look for its small size and typical woodpecker body shape. The back is olive with pale markings, and the underparts are white with black streaks. The male's red hind crown and nape contrast with the female's darker head pattern. When observing behavior, note the species' propensity to raise its crest when excited.

Habitat

This species thrives in a variety of environments, from the dense canopies of forests to the sparse foliage of thorn bushes. Its adaptability allows it to inhabit a broad spectrum of the sub-Saharan landscape.

Distribution

The cardinal woodpecker's domain stretches across the tropical regions of western and central Africa, with a presence in numerous countries including Angola, Kenya, and South Africa. Its widespread distribution is a testament to its versatility in habitat preference.

Behaviour

The cardinal woodpecker is often seen in small familial groups or as part of mixed-species foraging parties. It predominantly seeks sustenance in the lower strata of the forest, navigating through shrubs, vines, and even agricultural remnants like maize stalks. Its foraging technique involves rapid pecking and probing, and it is adept at maneuvering along slender twigs. This species is also known for its soft drumming and frequent sightings.

Song & Calls

The cardinal woodpecker communicates with a high-pitched "krrrek-krrrek-krrrek," a call that is as distinctive as it is indicative of the bird's presence in its natural habitat.

Breeding

During the breeding season, typically in spring or early summer, the cardinal woodpecker dedicates several weeks to excavating a new nesting cavity, often avoiding proximity to the previous year's site. The nest, an oval entrance hole about 2 meters off the ground, is simple, with a bed of wood chips for the glossy white eggs. Clutch size ranges from one to three eggs, incubated by both parents for approximately 12 days. Fledging occurs around 27 days post-hatching, with parental care extending another 8 to 10 weeks. Notably, the scaly-throated honeyguide may parasitize their nests.

Similar Species

The cardinal woodpecker can be differentiated from similar species by its size, distinctive call, and the male's red hind crown. Subspecies may vary slightly in appearance, such as D. f. lepidus, which lacks barring on the mantle.

Diet and Feeding

As an insectivore, the cardinal woodpecker's diet consists primarily of insects, which it skillfully extracts from its arboreal hunting grounds using its long, darting tongue.

Conservation status

The IUCN has classified the cardinal woodpecker as "Least Concern," acknowledging its extensive range and commonality within that range. No significant threats have been identified to this species' population at this time.