Polynesian Storm Petrel

The Polynesian storm petrel, known scientifically as Nesofregetta fuliginosa, is a seabird of the family Oceanitidae. This species exhibits notable polymorphism, with variations in plumage, particularly in the extent of white on the underparts. Some individuals were once considered a separate species, the white-throated storm-petrel, but such subspecies distinctions are not widely recognized today.

Identification Tips

Adult Polynesian storm petrels are characterized by their black bills, broad and rounded wings, and black feet. They typically weigh between 56-86 grams and can reach a height of up to 10.2 inches. Their plumage varies, with some individuals displaying more white on their stomachs. In flight, they exhibit a distinctive zig-zag pattern and have forked tails, which are useful identification features.

Habitat

These petrels are pelagic, favoring the open seas. They are also found along rocky and sandy shores.

Distribution

The Polynesian storm petrel is found across a range of Pacific locations, including Chile, French Polynesia, Kiribati, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, American Samoa, Fiji, and Samoa.

Behaviour

These birds are known to nest in burrows on islands, often surrounded by vegetation or nestled in rock crevices. They exhibit a sedentary lifestyle, with most colony members returning at night after foraging throughout the day.

Breeding

Breeding occurs on coral or volcanic islands in colonies. The timing of egg-laying varies with proximity to the equator; those closer to the equator are less likely to lay eggs seasonally. A single egg is laid, requiring about 50 days to hatch, and the fledging period lasts approximately 60 days. Both parents feed and protect the young until they fledge.

Diet and Feeding

Polynesian storm petrels have a carnivorous diet, primarily consuming cephalopods, fish, and crustaceans. They forage while in flight, diving into the water to capture their prey.

Conservation status

The Polynesian storm petrel is currently classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. The main threats include predation by introduced species such as rats and cats, habitat loss due to agriculture and rabbits, and the impacts of climate change, such as rising sea levels and increased storm intensity.

Conservation Efforts

Efforts to conserve the Polynesian storm petrel include monitoring breeding populations, controlling invasive species, restoring former breeding islands, and employing translocations and social attraction techniques. Past efforts have focused on predator removal, biosecurity plans, and community education and compliance.